Night by Elie Wiesel Essay

Imagery is a ground-breaking route for writers to pass on a message or feeling to a peruser. This thought of imagery is vigorously utilized by Lie Wishes in his record of the holocaust, Night. He utilizes ideas, for example, evening time, confidence, enduring and family to send a critical message to his perusers. Imagery isn't just a significant idea in writing yet in addition throughout everyday life. Wishes focuses on the significance of recognition and training through the imagery in his diary. Night is an intensely utilized idea utilized by Wishes. Not exclusively is it the title of the book yet it conveys a hidden implication.The general feelings evoked by the thought of night are forlornness, helplessness and now and again even dread. As kids and frequently even as grown-ups, night and murkiness make a feeling of dread inside us. It regularly makes individuals feel alone and encased. Related with night is obscurity. An implication of this is night blinds you with its obscurity. These Ideas can be applied to the feelings felt by survivors of the holocaust. To those individuals it felt like the end. A large number of these individuals did things that they wouldn't have typically done due to fear, of being blinded.Wishes talks about how much inhumane imprisonment promotion transformed him. Subsequent to seeing his dad hit by a Gypsy Wishes states â€Å"l stood froze. What had befallen me? My dad had Just been struck, before me, and I had not squinted. I had watched and kept quiet. Just yesterday, I would have delved my nails into this current criminal's skin. Had I changed that much? So quick? â€Å". Detainees had lost confidence throughout everyday life and In their religion. To them It was a dim and desolate damnation that they could never get away. Maybe one of the most fundamental images utilized Is that of the â€Å"angelic pile†.Three detainees where acquired chains, a youngster being one. The two more established grown-ups kicked the bucket easily as the hangman's tree were set around their neck yet the kid had an essentially harder time, as he battled among life and demise. This was an immovable encounter for the Jewish individuals compelled to watch this remorseless discipline. Albeit tragic, this occasion has extraordinary significance to the story. The â€Å"angelic pile† represents the battle of every single Jewish individuals during the holocaust. The battle they all confronted day In and day out among life and demise. Detainees watching this battle asked where God had gone. Behind me, I heard a similar man asking: ‘For god's purpose, where Is God? Furthermore, from inside me, I heard a voice answer: Where He Is? This Is the place hanging here from this gallows†¦ â€Å". The little youngster passing on represented that God had kicked the bucket alongside him; this awful occasion had made individuals lose their confidence In God. Wishes and a large number of detainees Like him had lost their con fidence the previous evening, for some, It could stay away for the indefinite future. Ell Wishes difficulties our feelings with his own record of the holocaust. Night and the Angelic Pile are just two of the numerous incredible images used to Invoke these powerful emotions.Wishes urges all of humankind to recall what affixed In those alarming years instead of to choose to disregard. HIS convincing journal. Undertone of this is night blinds you with its dimness. These thoughts can be frozen. What had befallen me? My dad had Just been struck, before me, Prisoners had lost confidence throughout everyday life and in their religion. To them it was a dull and forlorn Perhaps one of the most vital images utilized is that of the â€Å"angelic pile†. Three detainees where gotten chains, a kid being one. The two more established grown-ups they all confronted throughout each and every day among life and death.Prisoners watching this present odd's purpose, where is God? Furthermore, from inside me, I heard a voice answer: Where He is? This is the place hanging here from this gallows†¦ â€Å". The little youngster kicking the bucket represented confidence in God. Wishes and a large number of detainees like him had lost their confidence the previous evening, for some, it could stay away for the indefinite future. Untruth Wishes difficulties our feelings with his own record of the holocaust. Conjure these strong feelings. Wishes urges all of humanity to recollect what occurred in those stunning years instead of to choose to disregard. His convincing and moving imagery petitions instruction and recognition in a really chilling

Tips For Choosing a Top Rated Essay Writing Service

Tips For Choosing a Top Rated Essay Writing ServiceA top-rated essay writing service should be one that is easy to contact when you are in need of editing. The services that you use should come from an individual who will be able to help you find the answers to your essay questions and give you good material to work with.A top rated writing service should be a service that has been around for many years. It is a writing service that you can count on because it has consistently delivered excellent results.A top rated writing service should be able to produce essays that are of top quality and with top quality formatting. Essays need to have keywords that are clear and easy to understand.You should be able to get your material to get published if you are not able to write it well. If the individual that you are working with is able to turn your work around, then you should be able to get the results that you want. This could help you get your project published and help you land your dr eam job or any other position that you have online.You should be able to get a good idea about how good your material is. A good top-rated essay writing service will give you a grade based on how well your work is done. If you get a score that is high, then this means that you should be happy with the work.The service should be able to write the material for you in a timely manner. Essays need to be written as soon as possible and the top rated writing service will help you get this done.It should be easy to follow the work. You need to be able to get your essay finished and complete in a timely manner. This means that you need to have a writing service that will be able to deliver the right work when you need it.The service should be a service that is responsive to the needs of the client. You need to know that the person that you hire will be able to help you with your essay needs it right away.

Based on your tradition Christianity and the decisions you make based Essay

In view of your custom Christianity and the choices you make dependent on your qualities and ethics, what is the best possible job for YOU in your own work as a technolog - Essay Example Considering all these reality an inquiry emerges for every single individual at some point or another, whichs what is the correct job for the resident in the general public. What would it be advisable for us to accomplish for to keep the earth we live in adjusted, and lovely to stay in? It is safe to say that we are obliged to add to the general public we live in? Each individual needs to locate his own answer, or responds in due order regarding these inquiries. Those answers come following quite a while of life; they are directed by the sorts of experience the individual has. Along these lines, as I would like to think, each perspective, thinking about this inquiry is important and valid here and there, and we reserve no privilege to toss stones at individuals whose assessment is by one way or another not the same as our own. As every single person who harps on our planet I have my own answer on this inquiry. I dont believe it to be the main valid, nor do I figure it to be reasonable for most of individuals in my nation. My judgment on the job of the person in the general public is directed by my social, and, what is even of more noteworthy significance, strict foundation. The particular of my work expects me to know about the reasons and standards which control me in my dynamic procedure. Indeed I am a Technology Manager answerable for the innovation to help preparing and content administration to our outside and interior clients. I am one of the chiefs and I am in direct contact with senior level officials giving information and sentiments on dynamic. My staff comprises of 8 individuals in which I should oversee and give solid administration. In this manner I believe I need to have profound comprehension of the standards which control me in my work, in my dynamic procedure, and in my associations with the partners and senior officials. I feel this venture can assist me with having an understanding into my qualities and convictions; it can help me in improving my dynamic and initiative aptitudes. Indeed the qualities and ethics that direct me in my reality are

Developing an International Strategy at New York Fries - 1375 Words

Developing an International Strategy at New York Fries (Research Paper Sample) Content: DEVELOPING AN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY AT NEW YORK FRIESName:Institution:Developing an International Strategy at New York FriesIntroductionNew York Fries is a revered organization that is out to embrace internationalization while at the same time maintaining their premium brands of French fries and hamburgers. This calls for ensuring that the methods with which the company will enter the new markets will not hamper the desired goals and objectives. The management has to heed to the desires of the new markets, while still observing their major brands. Understanding the new market structures, especially India and China will make it possible for the achievement of the set targets. Despite the fact that there are already many vendors in the fries and hamburgers field, NYF still has a chance to command the market. They can embrace diverse methods of meeting the preferences and tastes of their clients, and also providing quality products.Pursuing New Opportunities while maint aining the set objectivesOne of the fundamental objectives regarding internationalizing the company was the requirement for extension outside of Canada. New York Fries does not involve each shopping center in Canada, but only involve the top level shopping centers. This implies that opportunities in Canada are rapidly running out. An alternate intention in internationalizing the company was the advancement of the SSBC brand. This brand offers sandwiches to the Canadian community which appears as a complimentary product to French fries. The SSBC might be significantly found in enormous box centers which offer new locations in line with the development of both the brand and the company. A third factor regarding venture into global markets is the more affinity for Western community and even nourishment that developing markets have.Clients around the globe are more open to purchase Westernized items. An alternate factor in line with advancing the organization is the demonstrating notori ety of NYF and SSBC items. Burgers are a normal and well known food throughout the world. Poutine is also considered as the common food across the world. It is now viewed as a "national dish" in Canada and New York Fries is looking forward to make it as mediocre as the hamburgers in different parts of the world.Previously, New York Fries has experienced issues venturing into international markets. Australia was the first location which was considered as the incredible opportunity. It imparted many cultural similarities and even shopping centers with food courts which were seen as an extraordinary spot to escape the great temperatures. It should be noted that, the venture survived for only five years. This was because of poor location choices. The venture also failed to survive because New York Fries permitted the franchisee to micromanage the operations in the zone. Another issue New York Fries confronted when venturing into global markets happened in South Korea. The franchisee ign ored the adoption of New York Fries brand in its areas and attempted to make a more Korean design and taste. The New York French Fries was supposed to maintain its test and design as its identity and avoid losing its sight to the clients. The French Fries failed because of the lack of cooperation with other established and successfully companies across the world. These companies had already adopted their brands in many countries across Europe and Asia; therefore it was hard for the French Fries to compete with such giants. There was a need for the French Fries to merge with such companies so that to gain experience (Bolman Deal, 2008).Options availableThe mode of entry into international markets is always a major concern of many organizations. Despite the fact that there exists a lot of competition in China and India, NYF has an opportunity to stamp its success in these nations. Elements influencing method involves two viewpoints, the micro and macro environment. As external imper atives on the organization's activities, external environment influences organization's decision. Chinese Fast food industry had also made fast advancement as an outcome of solid business demand and alluring business benefits. The advancement of Chinese fast food ventures is quick. The nation's macroeconomic strategy also pushes the fast improvement of Chinese fast food. Chief Wen Jiabao marked in February 2007 the State Council Order No. 485, which declared that the Administration of Commercial Franchise Ordinance may as well come into power on May 1, 2007, when the concession retail organizations, particularly fast food organizations, might face a significant reshuffle. Franchisee operations might become a standard model of the fast food industry and its advancement prospects might be better in the future (Brumbaugh, 2012).The company may embrace the following strategies to ensure a successful entry into the Chinese Market.China's WTO entry, the Chinese family unit electrical equi pments industry, as well as other commercial enterprises, will be confronting the reality of a globalizing world economy and multi-worldwide challenges, such as the natural challenge, the competitive challenge, the cooperation challenge, the organizational challenge, the global learning challenge and also administration challenge. China has a lot of market with both threats and opportunities. They need to pick the suitable methods to utilize it. However, China needs their intercession, which can lead to improved administration experience. Chinese fast food additionally needs to explore more about their significant experience to develop.RecommendationsIn accordance to grand matrix, development of the market strategies is pertinent to the success of New York fries in any new market, whether China or India. It may as well set up a worldwide procedure which only concentrates on urban communities especially the high populated regions, particularly Asia. There are very few NYF restaurants in this potential business. South Korea is the main Asian nation which has a so many New York Fries fast food restaurants. However, China is recognized as one of the most amazing market in the globe in line wine with its population. In addition, one may consider the latest figures; China is simply in ninth position of all the nations which have New York Fries restaurants with about 900 restaurants while United States has about 13000. If NYF can advance in Asia, it is a great significance for the organization to achieve a market share.On the other hand, the organization fails to ...

Case Study on Bp Oil Spill - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 295 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? GROUP PROJECT- CASE STUDY| A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the course| | MODERN INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT| INSTRUCTORS: PROF. S. K. BARUA PROF. J. R. VARMAACADEMIC ASSOCIATE: MS. VAISHALI SATTAREPORT PREPARED BYGROUP 12MEENAKSHI DEOGAM M. SHYAMNIMISHA SAXENARAGHAV YADAVROHAN ANANDDATE OF SUBMISSION: 24TH AUGUST, 2010| | Effect of BP oil spill and subsequent market reaction on the assets of pension funds and mutual funds Case Facts:- * 20th April 2010 – an explosion caused by blowout on Deepwater Horizon rig kills 11 crewman (including 9 Transocean employees) and ignites a fireball visible from 35 miles. * Deepwater Horizon was leased to BP from March 2008 to September 2013 * Share price on 21st April 2010 – 648. 20p lowest on 29th June 2010 302. 9p – price on 19th August 2010 – 386. 7p – [https://www. google. com/finance? =LON%3ABP] * Pension Funds investing in BP California Public Employees’ Retirement System, California State Teachers Retirement System(CalSTRS), Texas Fund, New Jersey Division of Investment, NY State Pension Fund * NY State’s Pension Fund New York pension fund to sue BP for investment losses [https://www. reuters. com/article/idUSTRE65M3H420100623] * The California Public Employees’ Retirement System lost $284. million in value as the largest oil spill in U. S. history erased more than $1. 4 billion from BP Plc shares hel d by 42 state retirement accounts, data compiled by Bloomberg show†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦The declines come as public pension funds are struggling to recover from losses in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009, when the median public pension investment return was minus 17 percent, according to Wilshire Associates of Santa Monica, California†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case Study on Bp Oil Spill" essay for you Create order CalPERS, the largest U. S. public pension at $210 billion, held 58. 2 million shares of BP on April 20 and saw the value fall to $301 million from $585. 7 million, according to Bloomberg data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The Texas Fund $96. 7 billion on FY ending 31st March, 2010 lost $39. 7 million in value– sold 8. 1 million shares of BP

Underground Hard Rock Mining, Drill And Explosion

1.0 Introduction In underground hard rock mining, drill and blast continues to be the dominant method of fragmenting rock. Blast hole deviation is an inevitable yet undesirable outcome of small diameter, long hole drilling. The objective of drill and blast is to unlock a targeted volume of rock for removal and further downstream processing. However, if poor drill hole accuracy is observed, outcomes may be significantly different to that which are planned and expected, resulting in additional cost and time implications. A hole is considered to have deviated if it has not been collared at the correct location, has not followed the projected path or has not broken through at the intended position (Kangwa, 2000). Underground mining uses a cyclical methodology with repetitive steps carried out on a daily basis. As drill and blast is the first stage of extraction, the accuracy of this step can significantly impact the cost of downstream operations including secondary drilling, mucking, transportation, gr ound control, milling, development requirements and crew requirements (Corcoran, n.d.). This report intends to investigate the common sources of drill hole deviation, address the cost and design implications of poor drill accuracy and outline control measures that may be effective in reducing blast hole deviation. Different drilling technologies will also be examined to understand their impact on drilling accuracy. 2.0 Types of drill hole deviation As described by SinghalShow MoreRelatedFossil Fuels Are The Dominant Source Of Energy Being Used By Humans1312 Words   |  6 Pagesdirect pollution, air pollution and global warming. 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Theoretical Perspectives And Methodologies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Theoretical Perspectives And Methodologies? Answer: Introducation Methodology is the section of a research which will help in delivering the information related with the methods adopted by the researcher so as to collect the data (Ellis, Levy, 2017). This section of the research is designed to evaluate all the finance and techniques which are being used by the researcher so as to gather the data. It is necessary that all the methods and techniques used by the researcher so that the target population could get the direction with the effect of which authenticity and reliability of the research report could be enhanced. To ensure that the research should move in a right direction it is required that a researcher should choose the right methodology. This will help in providing a set direction to the researcher and will help in availing appropriate and accurate set of information to the target population (McLeod, 2013). Research Problem and Reorganized Collected Literature Research was conducted by the researcher on Bluetooth which is a wireless technology with the help of which people could connect their mobile phones files with others. In this research researcher has tried to gather information related with Bluetooth with the help of various sources (Adler, 2015). This research on Bluetooth will help the mobile and various other electronic communication companies in making the decision of whether they should apply Bluetooth technology in their electronic item or not (Turabian, 2007). While performing the research there are certain set of problems which came into existence which will have a negative impact on the research formulated by the researcher? One of the problems which came into existence is that the technology of Bluetooth has become very old on which many of the past researches have already been implemented. This reduces the scope of the research formulated by the researcher in present time (Chakrabarti, 2010). The time and budget available with the researcher was not sufficient due to which he faced issues in collecting appropriate set of data from various primary sources. This again affects the scope of a research. Collecting data from the primary sources helps the researcher in providing quantitative data and helps the target users in making appropriate set of decision in relation with the aspect on which the research is being management (Barkan, Linoff, 2013). Research Problem Statement Limitation of time and availability of proper set of resources is one of the main problem attached with the researcher, these are the aspects which have a huge impact on the validity of the research as it causes limitation to the project scope. Reorganized Collected Literature Research Problem Sub-problem Collected Literature Problem 1 Sub-problem 1 Literature 1 Literature 2 Technology Has become old, already many of the researches has been formulated previously. Sub-problem 2 Less quantitative data Issues with the validation of the research Problem 2 Sub-problem n Limited budget and time Limited Scope Qualitative and Quantitative Methodologies Qualitative research helps in availing theoretical data related with the research which helps in evaluating data collected from the secondary-sources. Qualitative data helps in generating in-depth information/data related with the selected topic. In-depth information of the research, topic helps target users in making an appropriate decision in relation with the information provided by the researcher in the research (Aramberri, Butler, 2013). Qualitative data which is also known as second hand data is being collected by undertaking secondary sources of data collection, which provides relevant information related to the research topic. Secondary sources are used to collected already published or already used data which is helpful in current research. To ensure that qualitative research could be formulated researcher evaluate information from various secondary sources which are books available in the libraries on the same topic or on the related topic, various articles and newspapers, and for mass information internet is one of the most effective sources of data collection which helps the researcher in evaluating all the aspects of the research. Quantitative Methodology Quantitative methodology is the methodology which is being used by the researcher so as to provide numerical information in the research. It is the method which provides the direction to the researcher with the effect of which more impressive and attractive research content is being developed. Quantitative research helps in evaluating the quantitative data which is presented with the help of bars, pie charts and various other graphical representations (Ellis, Levy, 2017). Accuracy and authenticity of the research report is being increased by using quantitative methodology of data collection. To develop quantitative data researchers mostly uses primary sources of data collection as it helps in availing raw data for the research. Primary sources of data collection are the sources which helps in evaluating data directly from the people have proper set of knowledge about the research topic. Responses are collected with the help of survey in which questionnaire is being developed by the researcher and responses are collected directly from the responses and experts (Bell, 2014). This data is then analysed and collated data is being provided in the form of bars and pie charts in the research report. Type of Chosen Methodology To develop the content of this research report researcher has used qualitative method which will help in availing theoretical data related with the topic selected. Reason behind choosing qualitative method of data collection is that, researcher do not have proper time and budget to indulge in survey and collection quantitative data with the help of primary sources of data collection (Borrett, et. al., 2016). Methodology chosen by the researcher will help in availing in depth information related with Bluetooth and will provide an appropriate direction to the people available in the market. Review of the Existing Methodologies The sub problem selected by the researcher is less quantitative data. Reason behind selecting this sub problem is that, researcher wants to provide quantitative data for the research in which he is indulged (Fletcher, 2016). To overcome from the sub problem researcher will try to evaluate quantitative information from various secondary sources of data collection. Using appropriate sources researcher will develop quantitative data which will help in fulfilling research requirements and will help in broadening the scope of the research formulated by the researcher. Analysis of the Selected Methodologies To resolve the research problem and the sub problem researcher has used various facts and figures in relation with Bluetooth. These facts and figures are being used by the researcher from various secondary sources of data collected. With the effect of these sources an assurance is made by the researcher that the authenticity and reliability of the research could remain maintained. With the help of the quantitative data an assurance could be made that the research content developed by the researcher could help the target users in making effective set of decisions in relation with the research topic selected (Hamilton, 2007). Relevance of the Research Problem Data developed for the research report is relevant and is effective. Assurance is made by the researcher that true and fair data should be provided to the target users. This will help the users in making effective set of decision related with the use of Bluetooth. Assurance could also be made that the research content developed is true and authenticated and does not contain any false and fraud data. Summary of the Reviewed Methodologies Literature1 Secondary Sources of Data Collection Qualitative information related with the research Limited Scope Literature2 Secondary Sources of Data Collection Quantitative information related with the research Broader Scope Identification and Justification Methodology proposed for the collection of data is primary sources of data collection which will help the researcher in developing quantitative data for the research. Quantitative data helps the researcher in making the research report more concise and comprehensive which helps in attracting interest of the target users. It is the method which is used by the researcher so as to collect the raw data with the effect of which assurance is made that the content used by the users will help them in making appropriate and effective set of decision (Kennedy-Clark, 2013). Hence, it is required that quantitative data should be collected and data should be presented in the findings and analysis section of the research report. Benefits and Limitations There are various set of benefits related with quantitative method of data collection. It will help in making the research report more comprehensive and concise. Target users will take interest in the research and will get attracted towards the same. This will help in enhancing the scope of the research report and will increase its reliability and validity in the market (Gatrell, et. al., 2015). Every coin has its two phases in the same manner with benefits comes several set of limitations. There are certain limitations attached with the method proposed by the researcher. Analysing data and developing quantitative content is a very crucial task as in case if researcher will include any wrong analysis then it will have a direct impact on the marketing activities also it will have a huge impact on the scope of the research content developed. Quantitative method includes collection of data from primary sources. In case of resources refuse or provide false information then again it will have a huge impact on authenticity and validity of the research (GRAY, 2012). The method is very costly and time consuming. Framework and Explanation Quantitative information will be gathered in the research which will help target users in gaining appropriate and accurate information related with the research content. To gather quantitative data researcher will have to use primary sources of data collection in which he will have to conduct a survey. Survey will be done with the help of questionnaire which will contain several set of questions related with the research topic. Responses will be collected from the respondents (McLeod, 2013). To select the respondents sampling will be done and evaluation of the market from which the responses will be collected will be done. This will help the researcher in collecting data related with the research. After collection of the raw data researcher will have to indulge in analysis (Turabian, 2007). After analysing and evaluating the data researcher will have to present it in the form of bar diagram, pie chart of line graph. This will help in attracting the interest of the target users and will help in broadening the scope of the research conducted by the researcher. Hence, it could be evaluated that using quantitative method will provide an effective set of solution to the researcher. People will get attracted towards the research developed by the researcher which will enhance the scope of the same in the market. It will also ensure that the reliability and validity of the research could get enhanced (Chakrabarti, 2010). References Barkan, R., Linoff, G. (2013). Non-Sampling vs. Sampling Errors in Survey Research. Journal of Finance. Pp. 144-159. Aramberri, J., Butler, R. (2013). Non-Sampling vs. Sampling Errors in Survey Research. Journal of Marketing. Pp. 145-179. Adler, N. (2015). International dimensions of organizational behavior. Boston: PWS-Kent Publishing Company. Ellis, T., Levy, Y. (2017). Framework of problem-based research: A guide for novice researchers on the development of a research-worthy problem.Informing Science: The International Journal Of An Emerging Transdiscipline,11, Pp. 17-33 Bell, J. (2014).Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Borrett, D., Sampson, H. and Cavoukian, A. (2016). Research ethics by design: A collaborative research design proposal.Research Ethics, 22(1), pp.145-147. Fletcher, A. (2016). Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), pp.181-194. Hamilton, D. (2007). Bridging Design Research.HERD: Health Environments Research Design Journal, 1(1), pp.29-30. Kennedy-Clark, S. (2013). Research by Design: Design-Based Research and the Higher Degree Research student.Journal of Learning Design, 6(2), pp.122-128. Gatrell, J., Bierly, G. and Jensen, R. (2015). Research design and proposal writing in spatial science. Berlin: Springer. GRAY, D. E. (2012). Doing Research in the Real World. Theoretical Perspectives And Research Methodologies. London: Routeledge. McLeod, S. (2013). Questionnaires. Simply Psychology. London: Printioce Hall. Turabian, K. (2007). A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chakrabarti, A. 2010, "A course for teaching design research methodology",AI EDAM,24(3), 317-334

Secularization of knowledge Essays - Secularism,

Education & the Secularization of knowledge In a lecture I delivered in Moulay Ismail University, M?knes, for the students of English department, on the topic "the Philosophy of Knowledge between Science and Religion", one of the students intervened during the discussion and argued that secularism doesn't exert any sort of dictatorship over people, and that it grants the latter all the freedom they need to practice their religion without persecution. That young man's intervention was a criticism to what I said during the core lecture, that secularism constitutes one of the aspects of dictatorship, for it excludes religion out of the scene of power without any rational justification. It was clear that the young man didn't grasp well my arguement; or rather he was overwhelmed in the secular Marxist thought as told me latter on by one of my friends who knows him well. Needless to say, secularism implies the separation between religion and state. That is, excluding religion out of all the sensitive spheres of power, including politics, education, economy, media, and judicature. Religion in the secular point of view is meant for the socio-cultural arena, and therefore it hasn't and shouldn't have any say as far as politics is concerned. This fact is plainly embodied in the constitutions of secular states, lived and experienced in the daily life of people in secular societies. Therefore my target here is not to recapitulate what is actually agreed upon, but to show the infrastructure of the concept education and values in the new secular perspective. In the history of educational systems, one can broadly distinguish between two systems with much discretion to the conventional adjectives I may use to describe each one of them: (traditional) and (modern). The traditional system of education often refers to the ancient perspective and set of practices carried out in the name of education: it is usually known of putting stress upon knowledge and ethics. It therefore...

Free sample - Political Science. translation missing

Political Science. Political ScienceFreedom and political freedom for that matter refers to the lack of interference with the supreme, independent authority over an area or even territory by individual(s) through use of coercion or aggression. A state is said to be free if her government does not oppress her people. A society which is not free is the said to be a totalitarian society and is characterized by absence of political freedom with an aim to regulate almost every aspect of behavior. With such a society, freedom would refer to human relations only and coercion is a common phenomenon (Phillips, 276). The concept of political freedom is closely associated with civil liberties and individual rights. Political freedom is not a standalone concept but an aggregation of many concepts and freedoms which include; freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of thought, freedom from unreasonable seizure, scientific fre edom and academic freedom. All these freedoms shape the political freedom for it is the nature of the politics of any country that they are allowed or even denied (Friedrich A., 84). While freedom is more on the sovereignty of any state and her people, democracy refers to a government of the people, by the people for the people. Democracy can direct where the power to govern the people is directly from the people or it can be representative democracy where people elect or choose representatives to join the authorities on the behalf of the people (Brown H., 44). The United States of America has had a complex political system than most of the other government systems in the world. This is associated with the social divisions in the United States of America. The United States of America has both whites and black Americans. The coexistence of these two groups has not been very friendly. The whites always see the blacks as a lesser gene that incapable of doing what the whites can do. This kind of a division and oppression is seen on almost all the key sectors of the United States Economy from political world, government appointments and even business. As a result, the blacks have struggled their way out of poverty and even if little has been achieved, there is some light at the end of the tunnel. For instance, due to oppression, most blacks went into the music industry where they felt they can influence a large number of people especially the youth. Their music is mostly rap and the message is fighting the oppressing authorities. The whites rule the United States of America. The ruling class has gone further more and above any other in the world to suppress any public discussion about the social classes in the USA. Anticommunist groups in the late 1940 campaigned to outlaw any public opinions on socialism, Marxism among other classes in the United States. Those behind the move were the likes of John McCarthy. The public did not take it lightly and instead responded with fury. It resulted to the 1960 civil unrest in the United States of America. The government put some efforts to frustrate any efforts by the civil society to liberate itself through divide, confuse and rule. Things went out of hand and the American working class started emerging as an independent social force. Other groups like the human rights groups, labor movements and gay liberation all emerged. There was a large division of the society between the small group of capitalist who owned the production factors and was mostly the whites and the majority of the population who must sell their labor capabilities to make a living who were mostly blacks. With those characteristics of the United States of America and its economy, freedom had no meaning especially fir the oppressed and they to fight for it. The Democratic Party became the vehicle to liberation especially for the blacks. Oppressions were along the lines of race and gender. The party recruited blacks, females and Hispanic politicians. With these efforts, the last twelve years of the United States of America has been under two Democratic presidents and one republican with the post of United States secretary of state being given to white man, black man. This can be seen as a step forward towards the achieving freedom through fighting. The biggest hurdle to clear remains not on the racial ground but on the economic division. All these leaders are representatives of ruling class of the US and the world for that matter but not for blacks or white. Barack Obama on being elected the president of the United States of America crowned the fight. Also the dream of martin Luther Kin g jnr. came into fulfillment that one day there will be a more united society in USA where blacks and whites will be treated equally. He is the first African American president and he has overseen the biggest hand over of resources to the rich and Wall Street speculator in history of the United States of America.   He has also promoted nationwide wage cutting and union busting and in this Obama has demonstrated that he is out to serve not to be bonked by his skin color or even origin. United States of America still faces the challenge of a gap along economic endowments with 1 per cent of the population owning 40 per cent of the US wealth and monopolizing about 20 per cent of the total US income. Affirmative action in the public sector Affirmative action is a policy by the government with an aim to fight imbalances and injustices within its citizens. The injustices result unfairness and lack of a level ground for the players. This has been the case in the United States of America. Initially it was along racial biases where the blacks could not mix with the whites; some jobs were reserved for the whites, the big estates and cities were seen to belong to the whites. This is how the northern America has developed to a first world while countries in the Southern America have remained struggling and even today are classified as second world and they are mostly occupied by the blacks. Currently there are biases along economic grounds where the rich rule America and make decisions. Affirmative action would correct these anomalies. The policy though difficult to implement for those in authority and the rich will fight it, will ensure that there is a balance between the whites and the blacks in government appointments among other white collar jobs. Women should be equally represented as well as men. According to the protection clause of the 14th amendment, every citizen needs to be given an equal opportunity. Citizens should not be exposed to unfairness. For this to be realized then affirmative action is inevitable for under normal and real circumstances the level ground cannot be achieved for some people in the same economy are so much ahead of the others with resources and political power and hence the government needs to   put some checks and balances.    References Brown, Charles H., the Correspondents' War. New York: Charles Scribers' Sons, 2005. Friedrich August von Hayek, ‘Freedom and Coercion’ in David Miller (ed), Liberty (2007) pp. 80-86 Patrick Martin (2009). The fundamental social division is class, not race or gender.Phillips Shively, Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science. 8th ed. NY: McGraw Hill, 2003.

Analysis of Unethical issue in Apple's business Case Study

Analysis of Unethical issue in Apple's business - Case Study Example Two major unethical cases were with Pingzhou Electronics and Foxconn that have hired underage persons. Apple terminated its contract with Pingzhou on learning that management was aware of underage persons on the company payroll. Such actions point out that Apple has a long-standing commitment to ensure that all parties in its supply chain work in a healthy environment and that they are adequately compensated for their services. In Apple’s supply responsibility progress report for 2013, the company has stated that it has over 200 suppliers it deals with directly, majority of whom produce software with a few large ones producing hardware (Apple Inc., 2013). The company has been hit with claims of dealing with suppliers hence it came up with an idea of independently auditing its suppliers. To reduce the many cases of litigation and bad publicity, Apple decided not to deal with suppliers who employ minors or those who underpay workers. Apple said that companies employ minors since the minors do not have bargaining power and are likely to take up any amount of salary. On the case of Pingzhou, Apple entered into a contract with them to manufacture a standard circuit board for its devices. The supply chain lasted for a long time despite a number of audits done by Apple based on claims of the company employing underage employees and paying far too little to its workers. In the year 2012, Apple joined Fair L abour Association, a body that audits and makes public unethical behavior among manufacturer. Apple auditors together with FLA ones went to Pingzhou and found out the company has seventy-four minors on its wage bill, working under deplorable conditions. The company did not make attempts to make their working conditions better or call for the minors to be sent away from working is a fair manner; instead, Apple terminated the contract, absolving itself from any wrong doing. On its hand, Pingzhou had to single-handedly pay terminal dues for the minors. Most of

Creative assignment in historical imagination founded on historical Essay

Creative assignment in historical imagination founded on historical research - Essay Example On arriving in America, zuli found out that life was different from what she expected. English was the national language in the country yet she did not know how to speak or write even a word. This factor limited her chances of getting a job, and she had to stay at her friend’s place. Zuli explains how she subjected herself to discrimination and pain in order to feed her mouth despite the hopes that she had before leaving home. The pain includes engaging in prostitution in order to eat and pay rent. The woman says that obedience is the essential factor to a successful life, and she advises the youth to learn to uphold the moral. This is because her disobedience bore bitter fruits, and she lost everything that she had hoped for in the end. Aunt chingcha was my role model from when I was a kid because of her hard-working character. Chingcha grew in Hong Kong, the same town where I grew up, but she moved to the Gold Mountain when she reached twenty in 1845. The gold town was a pla ce where people got well-paying jobs and owned land (Ahmad 95) contrary to my country. These are the characteristics that made people from my country call it the Gold Mountain. Everyone in my town was interested in moving to America to get rich and come back. The road to America was, however, not easy because only few people managed to go there and bring richness to their families. The journey to the land used to take one month, and on arrival, some immigrants, especially women would be sent back for reasons such as sickness (Spickard 102). Aunt Chingcha was among the few that managed to land in America, and she used to send us some of the money that she earned as a sewer in San Fransisco. I was interested in moving to the Gold Mountain just like other people, but I was scared. One of the factors that scared me was my family. My father said that he would not allow me to leave because I had to take care of my younger brother while my mum worked. He also said that he wanted me to lear n art as it was a tradition in my country. My aunt also told us that there was discrimination in America despite the high income and freedom. I could hear a voice inside my heart telling me that I would be successful like my aunt, only if I overcame my fear and went to the Gold Mountain. My friend Zuela helped me to overcome the fear inside me, and soon we escaped and went to America in 1855; by then, I was twenty years old. I did not care whether my parents would be worried about me neither did I mind the discrimination in America. All that I wanted was to work and send my parents money to pay my brother’s school fees. I also knew that I would come back and die in my country so that I would be buried near my ancestors (Lakos 35). When I arrived in America, I found out that I could hardly read or write English, which was the main language in America. This meant that I would not get employed easily like my friend Zuela, who got employed at a garment factory in California. We l ived in a shanty room that Zuela rent for five dollars a month as I searched for a job. One day as I went out searching as usual, I found a Chinese woman who I talked to, and she asked me to follow her because she would help me find a job. Her name was Chungxi and she came from Hong Kong, but her parents sold her in America so that they would get income to purchase necessities. Chungxi fled from Kansas where she was sold and became a prostitute in

Goffmans Dramaturgical Sociology Essay Example for Free

Goffmans Dramaturgical Sociology Essay The article by Brown elaborates on traditional symbolic interactionism. Goffman was mainly interested in social self in the society that constitutes of individual personality formation. His notion of self involves engaging in purposive forms of activities and impressions. According to Goffman’s dramaturgy, there are various schools of interactionist analysis. People try to manipulate themselves and the situations in which they interact. Goffman’s interests were more to the ritualized forms of social interaction. There are various wings of interactionism; we have the social psychological, social of construction and social ritual wing. The difference in these wings allows one to create bridges between elements of symbolic interactionism and other types of social theory (Brown, 290). The article states that in order to teach Goffman well, instructors should put emphasis on social rituals, symbols and sacred representations so as to produce emotional attachment that enhances solidarity in groups among students. Students will be encouraged to see the difference in strands of symbolic interactionism, conflict theory, classical and contemporary theory. This will result to students’ capabilities being increased and they will maintain themselves creative synthesis. Students should know that the facts of symbolic interactionist are just fictions. However, they carry conspicuous effects of social life. In macro-sociology, Goffman observes given situation as a reality that is on an equal footing with human preference (Brown, 294). This is unlike other traditional interactionists. Additionally, Goffman uses the concept of frames to show the incomparability of situations in everyday life. These frames include elements of symbolic meaning, social roles, norms and hierarchies of power that represents participants’ behaviors. Finally, Goffman puts into considerations disruptions, ambiguities, and reparations of social routine as part of everyday life. They are called breaking frames and they cause an embarrassment in life situations. Work cited Brown, David. Goffman’s Dramaturgical Sociology: Developing a Meaningful Theoretical Context and Exercise Involving ‘ Embarrassment and social organization’. American Sociological Association, 2003, pp. 288-299

The Usefulness of Financial Statements Essay -- GCSE Business Marketin

The Usefulness of Financial Statements The primary means of communicating the financial effects of organizational activities and transactions of a company to outsiders is the financial reporting system. This reporting system includes communicating financial information through annual financial statements, as well as through reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, voluntary forecasts, and other financial and nonfinancial releases. Financial statements are the main source of financial information conveyed to parties external to the company. The full set of primary financial statements consists of a balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. External financial statements have a general purpose and are designed to meet the needs of investors, creditors, and other users of the external reports. They are historical in that they communicate activities and events that have already occurred. Financial statements are prepared on an accrual basis; they measure the impact of events and transactions when they occur and not simply when the cash consequences of such events and transactions are realized. Financial statements are useful in evaluating an enterprise's profitability, liquidity, and long-term solvency and equity structure. An analysis is conducted from the perspective of external users of financial statements and it relies on the annual report of a corporation and other publicly available information. Management, of course, also has access to extensive internal financial data, and their concerns extend to subdivisions of the enterprise, such as the performance of subsidiaries, divisions, departments, and operating functions. External reports are intended primarily for stockholders, creditors, directors, and regulators such as the SEC. Although externally reported information is also useful to corporate management at the highest level, it is far too aggregate to be useful for decision making by lower levels of management. And even top levels of management need financial information for decision making with respect to the performance of the various components or segments of the enterprise. It is vital that managers understand how their corporation organizes itself and at what levels the various functions such as manufacturing, marketing, finance, and research and development are performed. Managers ... ...d profits. It is seldom possible to form a judgment about the performance of an individual segment or division by inspecting the records of only that segment or division. All financial information must be analyzed together to serve useful in and out of a corporate entity. Works Cited: Financial Accounting Standards Board, 1978, Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.1: Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises (Stamford, CT., Financial Accounting Standards Board). Financial Accounting Standards Boards, 1984. Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.: Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statements of Business Enterprises (Stamford, CT.: Financial Accounting Standards). American Accounting Association, 1957. Accounting and Reporting Standards for Corporation Financial Statements and Preceding Statements and Supplements (Iowa City, Iowa: American Accounting Association). Parker, R.H., 1979. Evolution of Corporation Financial Reporting (Nigeria, Africa: Thomas Nelson and Sons Limited). Gray, S.J., 1984. Information Disclosure and the Multinational Corporation (New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons).

Urban Utopia

Matt Torres Dr. Cay Hehner Modern New York November 1, 2012 Research Paper The history of the urban utopia arose when theorists and city planners decided that a radical reconstruction of their cities (Venturi 4) was needed. There are problems that arose in cities of every generation and these problems have sparked the minds of the greatest thinkers, planner, architects, and theorists of the 19th century. These were the first attempts at correcting the problems that we deal with today. Problems such as dealing with growth, dealing with nature, and dealing with civilization.Throughout the history of the city, it seems as though some of these basic principles have been forgotten. However, we can look towards the work of Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier, who were some of the most dominant architectural thinkers who advanced the field of urban-conceptual thought into places it had never been before. The radical thinker, known as Sir Ebenezer Howard, is widely regarded by many to be one of the most influential urban planners of the 19th century.His work with the English Garden City Movement led to a worldwide response about how cities will deal with a rapid increase of people. His goal was to provide comfortable cities, which had an abundance of affordable housing; arranged in ways that would incorporate nature to its fullest. His work, unlike that of Robert Moses (another influential urban planner), Frank Lloyd Wright, or Le Corbusier, focused on the people and their ability to live in cities, without sacrificing their valuable green space. Howard was born on Fore Street, in the city of London on January 29th, 1850.He was the son of a shopkeeper and was sent away to school at a young age. He was schooled in Suffolk, then Cheshunt in Hertforshire, and finally completed his education at the age of 15 at Stoke Hall, Ipswich (Letchworth, para. 2). Working odd jobs out of school, he was eventually persuaded to go to the US at the age of 21. Around th e time he came to America, he witnessed the American re-growth and recovery from the Great Fire of 1871†¦a fire which destroyed most of the central business district (Letchworth para. 5).His views with how America planned to rebuild in this small city of Chicago led him to constantly be fascinated with this aspect of growth in the city. Ebenezer Howard had specific ideas of how future cities could deal with growth, and a rapid influx of people. He came up with The Garden City under the belief that it will be revolutionary in itself, like the early locomotive, capable of great improvement (Venturi 27). His Garden City grew out of the belief that centralization was the answer; a society where poverty and unemployment are unknown †¦ where) everyone receives an equal salary (Venturi 33). These ideas came to fruition when Howard read the bestseller Looking Backward, by Edward Bellamy, about a man who slept from 1887 to 1900 – only to wake up and find himself in a new soc iety where industry regrouped into a cooperative trust †¦ (and) competition is replaced by centralized planning. Later, Howard published his Garden Cities of Tomorrow, where he outlined his idea of the ideal utopian society. This Garden City was to be an ideal urban society of Three Magnets.It was created as a means of superseding capitalism and creating a civilization based on cooperation (Venturi 24). It represented a synthesis of town (city) and country, (two of the Magnets) where the town offered excitement, high wages, and employment, but also high prices and poor living conditions; the country †¦ offers physical space, but is also backward and â€Å"no fun†. It was a middle ground between two extremes and had the qualities of being compact, efficient, healthful, and beautiful all at the same time. The city wasn’t without its flaws though.The third Magnet seemed the hardest to come by. It was the pinnacle of all of his work; that Garden City, whose promi se of a better life would be the basis and reason why people would be drawn away from the urban centers and into a new civilization (Venturi 39). Also, Howard doubted the practicality of extreme centralization (Venturi 35); and even if it did work, he denied its desirability (Venturi 35). Howard questioned the inevitability of centralization, but continued to work out his own justification of what he learned from reading Looking Backward.The rest of his life was allocated to his stenography work, which offered him free time from which he could go about patiently designing that Third Magnet (Venturi 39) – despite having no formal architectural training. Frank Lloyd Wright was similar to Howard, in the sense that they both despised and wanted to change the urban fabric of the city. Wright argued that the dense utopian atmosphere of the modern city offered no room for individuality. Therefore, he developed Broadacres, which took decentralization beyond the small community to the individual family home (Venturi 9).This individualism came to its height when Wright introduced his theory about Broadacres. He stated that â€Å"individuality must be founded on individual ownership† (Venturi 9). This materialized into his plan to make the city disappear, and replace it with thousands of parcels of land (similar to the Homestead Act of 1862). A minimum of an acre a person allowed for most people to work part-time in the small factories, offices, or shops that are nestled among the farms (Venturi 9).Since this was around the time that the car was being mass-produced, Wright introduced the idea of superhighways, which connected the scattered parcels of land in ways that weren’t possible before, similar to the vision of Robert Moses. Decentralization would make it possible for everyone to live his chosen lifestyle on his own land (9), essentially giving the people their own identity and allowing them to reconcile man with nature (Venturi 164). Now for t he polar opposite.Le Corbusier, or Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, â€Å"the Parisian leader of the revolution in modern architecture† (Venturi 9), was a Frenchman who had entirely different ideas of what the future for the city held. He placed a corresponding faith in organization (Venturi 9), and argued that cities just weren’t dense enough. His idea of the Radiant City could be seen as the modern thought of the city today. He proposed that geometrically arrayed skyscrapers of glass and steel would rise out of parks, gardens, and superhighways (Venturi 10).The elite lived in luxurious high-rise apartments, while their subordinates lived in the outskirts (suburbia). It all sounds oddly familiar to the city that we are familiar with today. Whilst the idea of the city not being dense enough can be argued by most people, the concept of organization makes this one of the most ideal structures to imposing cities of the future. All three of these planners came to their own concl usions by studying previous cities and how they came to development.The ancient Greeks had their own ideas of the city through the polis (Lecture 3). The polis was compromised of the acropolis, the enclosing city wall, the agora, residential districts, leisure and cultural areas, religious precinct, a harbor, a port, and an industrial district (Lecture 3). All of these became important parts of the cities that followed, but possibly the most important piece would be the public programs of the city. Greek rulers noticed that to keep the people under control, they had to devise ways to entertain them.This entertainment was given either in the form of shows, plays, battles, concerts, or in general outdoor gathering space (Stadium). This is why green space is the number one concern when it comes to city planning. There must be points where we can allow a break in the urban fabric of our cities and place public zones where people can entertain themselves and others. Industrialization tha t took place in the 19th century created various problems for the modern day utopia.An increase in population, increase in goods and services, redistribution of population, development of media, greater mobility, and the rise of ideology (lecture 6) spurred the thought of developing a change in shopping, domestic life, entertainment, leisure, circulation, and street life. It was a turning point since new technology was being introduced, and new techniques concerning how to manufacture materials and distribute them. Today, there are criticisms regarding the path that future cities are headed towards.Since the 1960’s, there has been skepticism towards the utopian aspirations of the early 20th century. Some say that the utopian cities are growing larger, denser, and becoming more disconnected than ever before. Superstudio poses a solution to this. By instituting a global monument, called The Continuous Monument, Superstudio sought out to create architecture all equally emerging from a single continuous environment (Lang 122). The disconnect associated with modern architecture today is a direct result of the Industrial Revolution and the benefits we gained from it.It made lose our direct correlation between man and nature. Superstudio tries to address that issue in the Continuous Monument by going back to the basics of city design, the square block. It is a testimonial that architecture is the centre of the relationships of technology, sacredness, utilitarianism (Lang 122). The Continuous Monument allows us to have a better understanding of the earth around us, which we seem to have lost. Rem Koolhaas offered up another approach with his studies into the city of Lagos. Lagos is the fastest growing city in Nigeria.It’s estimated that they gain roughly 21 inhabitants per hour and the population is expected to explode to 24 million people by the year 2020. In Lagos, they’ve decided to ditch the urban fabric of the west and go along with an entire ly new idea of utopian design. For example, Koolhaas has seen how Americans grumble about traffic and instinctively put the radio up and tune out the congestion – however, in Lagos, when the traffic comes to a halt, that’s when the trading marketplace begins. This is the new direction of the city according to Koolhaas.A city that reinvigorates the things that are wrong with it, while simultaneously turning them into overwhelming positives. It’s an entirely customizable city, run and built by the inhabitants. If there is ever a need for more space in a house, the citizens simply build more rooms on top of their houses. This touches all the aspects of Frank Lloyd Wright and Ebenezer Howard – with their emphasis on decentralized systems and influence on the individualism associated with architecture of the future. In the words of Koolhaas, â€Å"Lagos is not catching up with us.Rather, we may be catching up with Lagos. † The urban utopia is an idea th at is constantly in a state of change. As needs grow and develop, there are things that need to be reformed, re-thought, and redesigned. The ideals of Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier were once pristine candidates with functions of cities; however, with new work by Rem Koolhaas and Superstudio, we can begin to see a change in modern utopian design, and how these modern designs deal with growth that cities will be having in the next century.Who knows, maybe we’ll even begin to see something similar to the city of Lagos, applied in a westernized urban fabric such as New York City, or Chicago – cities in desperate need of a change Bibliography Venturi, Robert, Denise Scott Brown, Steve Izenour. Learning from Las Vegas, Rev. ed. Cambridge; MIT P, 1996 Rem Koolhaas, et. Al. Harvard Project on the City. Mutations. Actar, 2001. Peter Lang, William Menking, Superstudio: Life Without Objects, Skira, 2003 Unknown. Ebenezer Howard , Biography and the Beginnin gs of the Garden City, 21 Apr. 2007. Web. 07 Nov. 2012 .

Essay on Abortion

Essay on Abortion An Overview of Abortion Abortion refers to the termination of a pregnancy by removing or expelling the fetus or embryo from the uterus before it is ready for birth. There are two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or the purposeful abortion, which is often induced abortion. The term abortion is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which has been filled with controversy. In the developed nations, induced abortions are the safest form of medical procedures in medicine if they are conducted under the local law. Thus, abortions are arguably the most common medical procedures in the United States annually. More than 40 percent of women confirm that they have terminated a pregnancy at least once in their reproductive life. Abortions are conducted by women from all forms of life; however, the typical woman who terminates her pregnancy may either be white, young, poor, unmarried, or over the age of 40 years (Berer, 2004). Therefore, citing the grounds on which abortions are conducted, there are numerous instances of unsafe abortions, which are conducted either by untrained persons or outside the medical profession. In the United States and the world in general, abortion remains widespread. The United States Supreme Court ratified the legalization of abortion in an effort to make the procedure safer; this was done through the Roe v. Wade decision of 1973. However, abortions are the most risky procedures and are responsible for over 75 thousand maternal deaths and over 5 million disabilities annually. In the United States alone, between 20 and 30 million abortions are conducted annually, and out of this number, between 10 and 20 million abortions are performed in an unsafe manner (Berer, 2004). These illegal abortions are conducted in an unsafe manner; therefore, they contribute to 14 percent of all deaths or women; this arises mainly due to severe complications. This has led to increasing controversy citing the large numbers of abortions that are conducted annually. However, there is a hope since the improvement in the access and quality of medical services has reduced the incidence of abortion because of easier access of family planning education and the use of contraceptives (Jones, Darroch, Henshaw, 2002). However, the large numbers of abortions, more so, the illegal abortions continue to be alarming. Despite the introduction of more effective contraceptives, and their widespread availability, more than half of the pregnancies conceived in the United States are considered unplanned. Out of these pregnancies, half are aborted. Thus, abortion remains an issue in the society. Is abortion a social issue? Conflict theorists emphasize that coercion, change, domination, and conflict in society are inevitable. The conflict standpoint is based on the notion that the society is comprised of different groups who are in a constant struggle with one another for the access of scarce and valuable resources; these may either be money, prestige, power, or the authority to enforce one’s value on the society. The conflict theorists argue that a conflict exists in the society when a group of people who on believing that their interests are not being met, or that they are not receiving a fair share of the society’s resources, works to counter what they perceive as a disadvantage. Prior to 1973, abortion was illegal in the United States, unless in situations where a woman’s health was at stake. If the doctor indicated, a woman had the option of choosing to terminate her pregnancy, and the doctor would carry out the abortion without any of them violating the law. However, in March 1970, Jane Roe, an unmarried woman from Dallas County, Texas, initiated a federal action against the county’s District Attorney. Roe sought a judgment that would declare the Texas criminal abortion legislation unconstitutional on their face, and seek an injunction, which would prevent the defendant from implementing the statutes. Joe asserted that she was an unmarried, but pregnant lady; she wished to terminate her pregnancy by seeking the services of a professional and licensed practitioner under safe clinical environment. However, she noted that she was unable to contract the service since she was not able to get access to a legal abortion in Texas since her life was not under any form of threat from the pregnancy. Furthermore, Joe stated that she was not in a financial position to travel to another state to secure a safe abortion. She argued that the Texas statute was unconstitutional and vague, and was in contravention of her right of her right to privacy, which was guaranteed by the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Joe purported to sue on her behalf and on behalf of all other women who were in a similar situation to hers. There are critical observations from Joe’s arguments; women who do not to have a baby should not be forced to have one. A pregnancy is a blessing if it is planned; however, a forced pregnancy is similar to any form of bodily invasion, and is abhorrence to the American values and traditions (Schwarz, 1990). Therefore, the United States constitution protects women from a forced pregnancy in a similar way that the constitution cannot force an American citizen to donate his or her bone marrow or to contribute a kidney to another. The Supreme Court looked into the facts and evidence of the case, and ruled that Roe was right, and her rights to privacy were violated; therefore, the Court decreed that all women had a right to a legal and safe abortion on demand. There was joy throughout America from the modern women; the ruling was seen as a massive step towards women’s rights. However, many years have passed since the Roe v. Wade, and abortion has remained one of the most cont entious issues in the United States and the world. The ruling was of similar magnitude to the women’s suffrage, and almost as controversial. It has freed women from dependency, fear, threat of injury, and ill health; it has given women the power to shape their lives. The social ramifications of the case and the social and moral ones have continued to affect the two sides of the abortion debate. The people who thought that the 7-2 majority ruling in favor of abortion were overly optimistic; abortion has become one of the most emotional, and controversial political debate. Prior to Roe v. wade ruling, women who had abortions risked suffering from pain, death, serious injury, prosecution, and sterility. Presently, abortion is safer, cheaper, and a more common phenomenon. The legalization of abortion has created other reasons for securing abortions; women are being coerced by their boyfriends and husbands who are unwilling to become fathers due to financial pressures, the panic of losing a job, quitting school, becoming homeless, or out of fear of being kicked out into the street (Schwarz, 1990). Abortion, which is based on this reasons often leads to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; this occurs when a woman is not able to work through her emotional i mbalances resulting from the trauma of an abortion. This can have severe results such as depression, eating disorders, and in severe cases, it can result in suicide. Women who secure an abortion out of their free will have no remorse and are happy that they made the choice; however, a number of women state that abortion affected them negatively. Thus, it can be argued that abortion is a social issue. Based on the sociological imagination, people’s behaviors and attitudes should be perceived in the context of the social forces that shape the actions. Wright Mills developed the theory, and he emphasized that the changes in the society have a massive effect on our lives. Prior to 1970, legal abortions were unheard in the United States and people perceived abortion as a despicable act. However, once the law changed allowing doctors to conduct legal abortions, the people’s attitudes changed. To prove the fact that abortion is a social issue, we have to look at the components of a social issue. A social issue is an aspect of the society that concerns the people and would like it changed. It is comprised of two components: the objective condition, which is an aspect of the society that can be measured. The objective condition in the case of abortion entails the question whether abortions are legal, who obtains an abor tion, and under what circumstances is an abortion secured (Henslin, 2008). The second component is the subjective condition; this is the concern that a significant number of people have about the objective condition. In the case of abortion, the subjective condition entails some people’s distress that a pregnant woman must carry the unwanted baby to full term (Henslin, 2008). It also includes the distress that a woman can terminate her pregnancy on demand. Thus, abortion is a social issue. Controversy Surrounding Abortion Abortion, human cloning, and evolution are all human issues that are very controversial. Christians’ believe in life after death. They also believe that life begins immediately at conception. Buddhists believe in reincarnation while atheists do not believe in God tend to be supporters of the right to choose. This means that perception and focus are the key issues when people from any faith choose to be supporters or opponents of any controversial issue like abortion. If an individual decides to focus on one part of the story, then definitely there will be a distorted representation of what they support. The result is that there will be people who are neutral or ignorant on abortion while others choose to support abortions as others oppose the act. Groups’ strongly opposing or supporting abortions have completely varying opinions on the subject. It is vital to note that an individual may either be a strong supporter or oppose the act since any compromise means a choice of life over death and vice versa. This strange facet of abortion makes it a very controversial act and subject because both supporters and opponents meet nowhere. Personal faiths through religion make them view the subject differently. Some believe that a woman has the right to make an absolute choice, thus; the right to choose is more prevalent to those supporting abortion. However, for the opponents, they support the constitutional and human right to life. It is vital to note that both pro-choice and pro-life groups rely on the constitution like the Fourteenth Amendment, human rights, and scientific facts (Knapp, 2001). In the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade, the U.S Supreme court ruled that the woman has the right to make a choice giving support to the pro-choice groups that support abortion. This meant that, the fetus has no rights and is at the indispensable mercy of the mother. The rights of the state and the fetus cannot overrule the choice that the mother has made. In another case in 1992, Roe in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the US Supreme Court maintained that a woman has the power and the right to commit an abortion (Knapp, 2001). Pro-choice supporters argue that those campaigning against abortion consume a lot of resources and effort. They feel that there are so many women who are living in total paucity and misery because they were coerced to deliver children who are unwanted. The resources spent by the anti-abortion campaigns can be used to support the social welfare of those women and relive them out of their misery. According to Knapp (2001), every day, almost 50,000 children die because of lack of food, medicine, shelter, and clothing. Today, the population stands at 7 billion meaning that there is an impending disaster because the resource is continually being depleted. Any unwanted baby may adversely affect the natural balance of resources to persons. It is estimated that, the development around the globe will have to slow down because there will be more mouths to feed than before. Pro-choice supporters believe that every human being has the right to political, sexual, and reproductive freedom. Pro-life supporters should note that they are supporting and protecting their religious freedoms. It is important to note that the church and the state have to separate. This implies that any anti-abortion law should be critically re-examined since it may merge the church and state. This is not legal because people make a personal choice as to the faith of affiliation while the state is supposed to respect everyone irrespective of faith. In the Roe v. Casey ruling of 1992, the woman has the absolute choice to dictate what she wants to do with her body. Pro-choice supporters argue that this makes a woman to be a lesser being than the fetus she is carrying. According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), â€Å"forcing a woman to carry an unwanted fetus is like forcing a person to be cloned in order to save another life with the extra organs.† This is completely wrong considering that one’s body will be used without her consent to aid the prosperity of another life. The rights of a woman exceed those of the fetus she is carrying because the woman is independent and is a social entity, unlike the fetus. For many centuries, many women have been rated as having unequal rights to men. Abortion is the only avenue that can make them regain a socio-economic status equal to that of men. Women can access better education, housing, and jobs only if they are in a position of controlling the sexual and reprodu ctive rights. Debate Surrounding Abortion Legal Debate Pro-choice advocates argue that abortion should be legalized to reduce the chances of unsafe abortions. A study carried out by the World Health Organization showed that most of the unsafe abortions occur in countries where abortion is illegal (Knapp, 2001). In countries like the Republic of Ireland, abortion is illegal, in the United States of America; abortion is legal while, in Canada, it can be performed upon demand, or consent. Ethical Debate An ethical analysis on abortion seeks to establish what is right or wrong about abortion. This ethical debate sheds light over the validity of the rights of the fetus versus those of the mother. In terms of personhood, a fetus is not aware of self, does not think, and is therefore, dependent on the mother. This means that the mother has an absolute right on choice over what to with the fetus. At certain epochs, pro-life supporters have supported selective abortion. This means that they support abortion if a fetus poses a danger to the mother, if the baby was conceived without the mother’s consent like in cases of rape, contraceptive failure, or incest. The other case is where the fetus may be having severe deformities due to diseases, mental of physical defects. Other cases happen when a mother involuntarily aborts because of starvation or malnutrition. This sparks a debate within the pro-life supporters who are assumed the â€Å"undecided lot.† On the contrary, pro-life supporters assume that fetuses are human, and they are subjected to a lot of pain in the event of an abortion. It is wrong to assume that a fetus is not a human being since it does not talk, or is not a social entity. Pro-life supporters also argue that a fetus is a potential life and any threat to it is breaking a fundamental right to life that is entrenched in almost all constitutions across the world. Pro-choice supporters posit that abortion is an act of unjust discrimination to the unborn and that this acts deprives them to the access to a valuable future. Conclusion In conclusion, prior to 1973, abortion was illegal and was only applicable legally as an option only when the mother’s life was in danger. However, the Supreme Court’s ruling on Roe v. Wade case changed all this; women perceived the ruling as a liberating to them. However, the legalization of abortion came with its own controversies, and it has even been labeled a social problem in the United States and the world over. However, it is critical to note that abortion or no abortion, persons have to take a keen look at the problems facing the society today and make a responsible choice. Today, we are 7 billion people, resources are overstretched, the world economy is weakening, and nations are growing unstable. Any person who thinks of bringing an unwanted child into the world without careful consideration should be aware of the consequences of the hard life. Every nation has a national budget in order to account and cater for everyone. On the same note, every parent or tee nager should have a responsible plan for life. If every act is unaccounted for, then the number of children losing their lives due to paucity is set to increase tremendously. It is good to care for what we can see instead of spending valuable resources campaigning for fetuses that are yet to claim an entity in the social arena. References Berer, M. (2004). National laws and unsafe abortion: the parameters of change. Reproductive Health Matters, 12(24): 1–8. Henslin, J. M. (2008). Social Problems: A Down-To-Earth Approach. (8 ed.). New York, NY: Longman Publishers. Jones, R. K., Darroch, J. E., Henshaw, S. K. (2002). Contraceptive Use among U.S. Women Having Abortions in 2000-2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34(6): 294–303. Knapp, L. (2001). Controversy: The Abortion Controversy. Michigan: Greenhaven Press. Schwarz, S. D. (1990). The Moral Question of Abortion. Chicago: Loyola University Press.